Ikera

Biomass, biochar & biofuel

Problem

Organic waste generated by agriculture, among others, is a growing problem, as its disposal, utilization and management practices are neither efficient nor universally applied.

Particularly in developing countries, most biomass residues are left in the field to decompose or burned in the open air, leading to significant environmental impacts. “Nimisha Tripathi, 2019” and a missed opportunity.

In the field of biofuel microalgae dehydration is a major obstacle for industrial-scale up processing of microalgae for biofuel production.

The diluted nature of harvested microalgae cultures creates a huge operating cost during dewatering, making algae-based fuels less economically attractive.

Solution

The technology allows the transformation into biomass of organic waste, rich in carbon and abundant in volume, such as coffee grounds, orange and lemon peels, chicken and turkey manure, alperujo, pomace (remains from wine production), organic solids dissolved and many more.

The technology also allows the reduction of time and cost in the “dewatering” process for the production of biofuels from algae, which at the moment is the biggest bottleneck in the current process.

Process

Thermal energy is the main source of energy used which can be obtained from renewable energies such as CSP, MINI-CSP, FVT, biomass and residual heat as well as non-renewable energies.

The organic waste chosen for its transformation is introduced into a deposit from which we ensure homogenization to continue through the RD8 physical reactor in which only H2o evaporates to be later condensed and made available for reuse.

Depending on the final use of the water may be mineralized or delivered as distilled water.

The solid part adjusted to the desired humidity, up to 0.2%, is dragged out of the reactor for subsequent processing according to destination, biomass, biochar or biofuel.

Situation

Viability studies have been carried out on coffee grounds, orange peels, lemon peels, alperujo and pomace (wine production residues), sewage, chicken manure with excellent results reaching up to 98% combustion.

Viability studies focused on the microalgae dewatering/drying process have also been achieved.

We are currently looking for industrial partners or venture capital for industrial scale up.

Readings of interest

Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN, United States
Dewatering and drying of algal cultures, JaisonJeevanandamaMichael KobinaDanquahb
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128185360000099

Dewatering of microalgal cultures: A major bottleneck to algae-based fuels
Nyomi Uduman, Ying Qi, Michael K. Danquaha), Gareth M. Forde, and Andrew Hoadley
https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.3294480

Centro Tecnológico Agrario y Agroalimentario. ITAGRA.CT e Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Gestión Forestal Sostenible de la Universidad de Valladolid‐INIA (IUGFS)..
Biomasa, biocombustibles y sostenibilidad
http://sostenible.palencia.uva.es/system/files/publicaciones/Biomasa%2C%20Biocombustibles%20y%20Sostenibilidad.pdf

Universidad Ben-Gurion
El excremento de pavos, gallinas y otras aves podría reemplazar al carbón como fuente de energía renovable.
https://sitiosfuente.info/ciencias/7666-excremento-aves-carbon-energia.html

University of Wageningen, Países Bajos
E. Teenstra, T. Vellinga
https://edepot.wur.nl/335445